Dhataki-Woodfordia fruticosa

Dhataki [Woodfordia fruticosa] is common in Sri Lanka, South Konkan and on the Ghats and ascends the Himalayas to 1500 m, but is rarer in South India. Dhataki (Fire Flame Bush) is a spreading, leafy shrub, small in size but very conspicuous on dry, rocky hillsides from December to May, when the masses of little fiery bells give a bright touch of color to the drab terrain.  It is a deciduous shrub, usually with a much-fluted stem. The grey bark is exceedingly thin and peels off in flakes. When in flower the bush appears twiggy and formless but entirely swathed in red. This is because the small flowers grow singly or in groups all the way along the branches and side twigs, and it is at this time that the leaves fall. [Read More]

A progressive review of Sandhana kalpana (Biomedical fermentation): An advanced innovative dosage form of Ayurveda

Anand Chaudhary1, Neetu Singh1, Madhuri Dalvi2, Asmita Wele2

Sandhana kalpana (biomedical fermented formulations) are one of the best dosage forms of Ayurveda in practice since thousands of years. In order to prepare these medicaments, certain sets of conditions are prearranged, which lead to fermentation. Thus, products bequeath with self-generated ethyl alcohol, which potentiate these preparations (Asava–Arishta), pharmaceutically and therapeutically. Commonly, medicinal and commercial components of these formulations are prompting many researchers to contribute in manufacturing, quality control, safety, and efficacy of these formulations. To cope up with this, literature related to Asava–Arishta has been surveyed from the Vedic period to recent publications of Government of India, ie, Ayurvedic Formulary of India, and presented briefly here. In this review paper, we have discussed pioneering facts such as nature and amount of carbohydrate, type of containers, optimum temperature, variety and relevance of initiator of fermentation, manufacturing, regulatory rules, and business aspects of Asava-Arishta. After going through this basic information, any academician or researcher may show a way to further strengthen this dosage form. [Read more]

Critical review on the pharmaceutical vistas of Lauha Kalpas (Iron formulations)

Virupaksha Gupta K. L., Pallavi G.1, Patgiri B. J., Galib, Prajapati P. K.

Iron is one among the major metals present in the earth’s crust and is essential for sound sustenance of human body. Its deficiency leads to various health ailments. Contemporary medicine advises iron supplements in iron defi ciency anemia. Ayurvedic classics also quote signifi cant information about administration of iron. Lauha Kalpas are the unique compound herbo-mineral formulations where iron (Lauha) is used as a major ingredient. Relevant literature (Bhaishajya Ratnavali, Charaka Samhita, Rasendra Sara Samgraha etc.) reviewed to gather information about Lauha Kalpas. Critical analysis of these Lauha Kalpas reveals that ancient seers administered iron in a better acceptable form. Unlike popular understanding these are not only Khalviya preparations; but Churna (powders), Avaleha (confectionaries), Rasakriya (solidifi ed decoctions), and Putapaka (incinerated) form of preparations are also found. Apart from solid dosage forms, semisolid dosage forms
mentioned in classics are very much useful. Unfortunately most of the formulations are not found in the market. Hence Pharmaceutical fi rms may bring these unique dosage forms in to the market to supply the healthcare needs of the community. It is interesting that iron preparations are used in Ayurveda in different medical conditions apart from anemia (Pandu). This leaves a scope for further researches on different dosage forms of iron and their indications. [Read more]

MEDIA FOR SHODHANA

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT MEDIA FOR SHODHANA ON PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF GUGGULU

• Rajput Anurag Singh, Final Year Scholar
• De Subrata, H.O.D. Pharmaceutical Chemistry Lab.
• Choudhary Anand Kumar, Lecturer – Dept. of Rasa Shastra Bhaisajya Kalpana & Drug Research, I.P.G.T. & R.A., G.A.U., Jamnagar

Introduction:Ayurveda is science, which protects and perpetuates the human life in a healthier way. For fulfillment of this purpose “Tetrod” i.e. Vaidya, Aushadha, Rogi and Paricharaka, have been described by our great sages, Aushadha (drug) being the primary tool of Vaidya for combating various ailments. These Aushadha are prepared by different processing techniques applying to the crude drugs to get the desired effect. This processing results in transformation of good pharmacological action to that of substance. These pharmaceutical processes are called “Samskaras”.Behind all the Samskaras Shodhana has its prime importance because it is the Shodhana by which we can use all the substances as a medicine (Aushadha) from herbal to mineral in origin even though they are having many toxic effects. So it is our prime duty to establish the fact that what type of physico-chemical changes occurring substance after the Shodhana process.Standardization of Ayurvedic formulations and their manufacturing processes are the need of present hour. So one can check adulteration, identify the spurious material, improve the quality of drugs and maintain the uniformity of the products in different batches. In this way only Ayurvedic drugs can be made acceptable worldwide.The present study was undertaken to find out the effect of different Shodhana media on properties of Guggulu. Shodhana of Guggulu was carried out by using two different media viz. Triphala Kwatha and Gomutra and 3-3 batches of each type of Suddha Guggulu have been prepared all the samples i.e. raw material, Triphala Shodhita Guggulu and Gomutra Shodhita Guggulu were analyzed by employing various physical, chemical spectrophotometric and chromatographic methods. Vati were prepared from the two Shodhita Guggulu samples and were also analyzed. The analysis and comparison of the data revealed interesting difference in the properties of two Shodhita Guggulu samples.

SHODHANA PROCESS

First picked up foreign impurities like Stones, Wood and Bark pieces etc., from the Raw Guggulu, then it was dissolved in liquid media i.e. Triphala Kwatha and Gomutra and allowed to stand for 2-3 hours. Later it was rubbed with hands and was filtered. Then it was kept over the Gas-stove on low heat, and was stirred continuously till it becomes semisolid mass (Avalehvat). After that it was transferred to oven setted at 80⁰c temperature and dried till Vati can be made. Then it was pounded in Imam-Dasta by adding little amount of Go Ghrita till it turns to homogenous soft mass after that Vati was prepared.ANALYTICAL DATA OF SHODHANA MEDIA

a)      Triphala Kwatha:

	pH Value	T.S.C	Sp. Gravity	Reaction with Litmus Paper
Bat. 1	3.1-3.4	11.92%	1.0434	Acidic
Bat. 2	App. 4	9.48%	1.065	Acidic
Bat. 3	App. 4	11.317%	1.0482	Acidic

Above table shows that pH of Triphala Kwatha was around 4, and reaction was acidic with litmus paper, simultaneously Total Solid Contents was found around 10%.b)      Gomutra:

	pH Value	T.S.C	Sp. Gravity	Reaction with Litmus Paper
Batch- 1	4.5 (about)	3.32%	1.0177	Amphoteric
Batch- 2	7-8	5.444%	1.0207	Alkaline
Batch- 3	App. 6	6.075%	1.0273	Amphoteric

Table shows that pH of Gomutra was variable and interestingly the reaction with litmus paper was found Amphoteric in two samples, here Total Solid Contents was found 4-6%.This Total Solid Contents of both the Shodhana media plays a great role in the yield.

YIELD IN DIFFERENT BATCHES

Triphala Kwatha Shodhana Guggulu:

	Yield (gm)	Ext.  Part	Increased in Yield %
Batch-1	1270	793.2	27%
Batch-2	1070	690.8	02%
Batch-3	1270	817.32	25%

Gomutra Shodhana Guggulu:

	Yield (gm)	Ext.  Part	Decreased in Yield %
Batch-1	850	718	12%
Batch-2	940	722.24	06%
Batch-3	960	717	04%

When the Shodhana of Guggulu performed by Triphala Kwatha the yield tends to increased by 20-25% on the contrary when Shodhana done by Gomutra the yield tends to decreased by 6-7%.This increased in yield of Triphala Shodhita Guggulu is due to the Total Solid Contents of Triphala Kwatha.COMPARATIVE ANALYTICAL DATA OF SAMPLES

	Raw Guggulu	T.S.G. Average	G.S.G. Average
L.O.D.	8.16%	9.256%	8.921%
Total Ash	11.845%	6.876%	14.948%
Total Acid insoluble Ash.	6.15%	1.08%	1.66%
Volatile Oil Contents	0.8%	0.2%	0.5%
Methanal Ext.	46.18%	36.41%	30.1%
Water Ext.	38.35	65.39	51.60

DISINTEGRATION TIMEFor the clinical trial on the patient of Medo Roga Vati were prepared from both the Shodhita Guggulu.The disintegration time plays an important role in its therapeutic efficacy so the disintegration time of both samples were determined and it was found to be more than one hour in Triphala Shodhita Guggulu Vati but considerably less in Gomutra Shodhita Guggulu Vati i.e., 25 minutes.

U.V. SPECTROPHOTOMETREIC STUDYSlide shows the U.V. spectra of different samples. Both Raw Guggulu and Triphala Shodhita Guggulu show two absorption peaks at 324 nm. & 232 NM. The U.V. Spectra of  the Gomutra shodhita Guggulu shows one absorption peak at 223 NM.It is clear from comparative U.V. spectra that both Raw and T.S.G. samples shows similar patterns while the pattern of G.S.G. is different suggesting difference in their chemical composition.

THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHYT.L.C. of Methanol extract and volatile oil of the sample were carried out by using Taulene, Ethyl Acetate 93:07 as solvent system. U.V. radiation and Vanillin Sulphuric Acid / Anisaldehyde Sulphuric Acid was used for detection.

T.L.C. OF METHANOL EXT. UNDER LONG WAVE U.V.This slide shows similar pattern while after spraying with Vanillin Sulphuric Acid the pattern differs.

T.L.C. OF VOLATILE OIL UNDER LONG WAVE U.V.T.L.C. of Volatile oil under long wave U.V. show considerable difference in the pattern. After spraying with Anisaldehyde Sulphuric Acid also shows difference among the pattern.The pattern of the two Shodhita samples is very similar and some of the spots observed in Raw Guggulu found to be absent in both the Shodhita Guggulu.

Conclusion:-Present study was carried out with an aim to find out whether there is any difference in Guggulu samples purified by using different media. The data reveals that there is difference in yield, in disintegration time of vati prepared and physico-chemical properties of the samples.The comparative pharmacological and clinical study under progress, initial clinical observation showed difference in therapeutic effect in both the Shodhita Guggulu samples. 

Herbomineral Formulation of Ayurveda

by Anand Chaudhary, Neetu Singh published at Ancient Science of Life

. . . . Formulations of the Ayurveda consists of substances of herbal, Herbo-mineral and animal origin, which are processed pharmaceutically to have therapeutic effects . . . .

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Ayurveda in Argentina

Ayurveda in Argentina and other Latin American countries
Jorge Luis Berra, Rosana Molho
Fundación de Salud Ayurveda Prema, Buenos Aires, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires and National University of Cordoba, Argentina
Over the past 20 years the Fundacion Salud de Ayurved Prema Argentina has spread the knowledge of Ayurveda throughout Latin America. The Fundacion is based in Buenos Aires in the Argentine Republic, where it now runs courses in two of the country’s major medical schools – at the School of Medicine of the University of Buenos Aires, and the National University of Cordoba’s School of Medicine. Based on an MoU with Gujarat Ayurveda University, at Jamnagar, Gujarat, the Fundacion
has been accredited as a Collaborating Center for teaching, assistance and research in the field of Ayurvedic Medicine in Argentina. This has led to successful missions to other countries in the region where the Fundacion and its associates have been able to start dialogues with governments, and in places hold sizeable courses. The knowledge of Ayurveda is
now spreading throughout South and Central America and hardly a country remains untouched by it. [read full article]

Key words: Ayurveda, Argentina, Latin America, education, local medicinal plants.

Heart is Brain?

IS IT HRUDAYA (HEART) REFERS TO MASTHISHKA (BRAIN)?

(The organ Hrudaya is refers to organ Mastishka)

• by Dr Giridhar Kanthi Prof and Head
• and Dr Remitha K K. 2nd year P G anatomy

When we generally speaks and asked the question “what is hrudaya” every one keep their hands on the left part of the chest, perhaps even a child would reply as “it is the organ, which located in the thorax region. It continuous receives and gives the blood to the whole parts of the body”. It collects the deoxygenated blood from all over the body and after oxygenation that circulates to the whole body. There are no specific references regarding the swaroopa (anatomical features) and function of the same in Ayurvedic Samhitas.

Most of the time the mind related functions, like happiness (Sukha), sarrowness (Dukha), behaviors, activities, attitude and relations with others etc gunas, are almost related with hrudaya also. So we are speaking his/her hruday is so nice and good. Always he/she has sympathy to others. Most of the time, these questions might arises in our mind, as whether we should have considered only that one organ as hrudaya? The answer is no.   download full paper “hridaya”

CWG 2010 Profitable for Ayurveda

CWG 2010 Profitable for Ayurveda, Yoga & Medical [08 Oct, 2010]

According to the Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India (ASSOCHAM), the largest gainers of 2010 Commonwealth Games would be Ayurvedic, Yoga and medical tourism industries in India.

The prediction made in a paper by the ASSOCHAM on ‘Prospects for Ayurvedic, Yogic & Medical Tourism Industries’ states that Ayurvedic and Yoga industry would alone have a business of Rs. 600 crores and revenue prospects for medical tourism industry was pegged at Rs. 400 crore.

For Ayurvedic industry, revenue generation would be through spa centers, which will be servicing a large number of tourists put up in various 1-star to 5-star hotels.

The ASSOCHAM Secretary General, Mr. D S Rawat stated, “These estimates are made keeping in view of India’s ancient tradition of Ayurveda and its low-cost medical tourism facilities, apart from UK, Canada, Australia, Singapore, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, a large number of visitors from aforesaid countries would like to take advantages of domestic Ayurvedic and medical tourism facilities/resorts.”

“To avail Ayurvedic expertise in various spa and herbal centers, each foreigner during the games is expected to spend Rs 10,000 to Rs 35,000.Whereas the medical tourism spending would be between Rs. 40,000-Rs.120,000 in view of cardiac surgery, bone marrow transplant.”

Due to the recent increasing demand from the top levels the Ayurveda and Naturopathy occupancy have gone up by 60%. The domestic Ayurvedic industry market size is currently estimated at Rs.4500 crore, which is expected to reach around Rs. 5,500 crore. The chamber feels the neighboring states Ayurveda, spa and medical tourism centers will also contribute in it, which is currently lead by Kerala and Karnataka.

As compared to about 700,000 modern medical systems in India, there are approximately 380,000 registered medical practitioners of the Ayurvedic system. Apollo and Escorts have treated over 150,000 foreign patients over the last many years.

Presently, medical tourism market in India is estimated to be over US $ 500 million with approx. 200,000 foreign patients coming in every year and it is expected to grow into a US $ 2 billion business by 2012.

Ministries of health and tourism should mutually set up a separate Department and training institutes to bridge the gap of skilled professionals in this field and also approve Ayurvedic and herbal centers, advises the ASSOCHAM. [source]

Trisutra Ayurveda

KSHUDRAROGA

KSHUDRAROGA AND THEIR MANAGEMENT

by – Dr.Santosh.N Belavadi M.D (AYU)

Kshudra means alpa or Laghu

These disease explanations will be briefly explained by the acharyas and said to be laghurupa.

The diseases which are not suitable for any other classification or category are grouped under this heading and named as Kshudra roga.

The Nidana, Lakshana are said to be Kshudra and alparupi

Few diseases are not actualy Kshudraroga but they are included in Kshudraroga and explained elaborately. Based on “Chatrino gachayantiti nyaya” means in chatri sammuha if few may not hold Chatri (Umbrella) even then this sammuha is also called as Chatrino gachyantiti nyaya.

Kshudra  it is also considered as Bhayankara roga like Agnirohini as well as alparoga like Palita

Few diseases are manifest mainly in children thats why named as kshudra like Ajagallika, Ahiputana etc

Kshudrarogas are explained on the basis of Dosha and Dhushya anusara briefly.

[download] Full Article in pdf

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Maori have very little joint disease!

Doctors stunned to find why New Zealand Maori have very little joint disease
Imagine if you didn’t need pain relievers every day? The Health Sciences Institute has uncovered something totally new—a completely safe and natural food extract that may be the most powerful antiinflammatory compound ever discovered. It’s called Lyprinol, an active lipid fraction isolated from the New Zealand green-lipped mussel, or Perna canaliculus. According to centuries-old tradition, native Maoris believe that eating the greenlipped mussel leads to a long and healthy life. And, in fact, medical statistics show that arthritis and rheumatic disorders are unknown among the coastal-dwelling Maori.
Scientists have now determined that the antiarthritic properties of the green-lipped mussel are due to the unique configuration of certain polyunsaturated fatty acids (or PUFAs) called Eicosatetraenoic Acids (ETAs). Related to the Omega-3 fatty acids found in fish, flaxseed, and perilla oil, ETAs display more intense and targeted antiinflammatory and anti-arthritic activity than any other known PUFA or Omega-3 fatty acid.
Research in the 1970s and 1980s confirmed that something in the New Zealand green-lipped mussel had the ability to erase arthritic pain and stiffness. A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted in 1980 at the Victoria Hospital in Glasgow, England, tested a powdered mussel supplement on 66 arthritis patients.1 At the start of the six-month trial, all of the subjects had failed to respond to conventional treatment and were scheduled for surgery to repair badly damaged joints. At the close of the trial, the researchers reported improvements in 68 percent of the rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and in 39 percent of the osteoarthritis (OA) patients. The scientists also noted the low incidence of adverse side effects. Nearly two decades later scientists perfect the solution For the next 18 years, leading scientists from universities and research labs in Australia, Japan, and France worked together to understand the secret locked within the green-lipped mussel. Step by incremental step, the scientists managed to identify the active biological fraction of the green-lipped mussel, isolate it without destroying its essential properties, cleanse it of impurities, stabilize it, and standardize its potency for reliable results.
At every step of the way, clinical and laboratory studies confirmed that scientists were moving in the right direction. Their excitement mounted as each phase yielded a more potent and powerful compound. Even early versions of the green-lipped mussel extracts were found to be more effective than aspirin and ibuprofen in reducing inflammation. But inflammation isn’t the only thing it helped. In 1986, a trial of 53 RA patients, conducted by the Societé Française de Biologic et Dietique (SFBD) in Dijon, France, found that the greenlipped mussel extract reduced pain by 62 percent after six months, while those on a placebo had a 20 percent increase in pain.2 Lyprinol: 200 times more effective than high potency fish oil in controlling swelling Ultimately, scientists zeroed in on the ETAs in the green-lipped mussel as the active ingredients responsible for its remarkable anti-arthritic effects. This specific grouping of ETAs is not found in any other known substance. The methods used to concentrate these active components in a pure and stable form have been granted patents in several countries. The final result is now available as Lyprinol.
Researchers at the University of Queensland in Brisbane, Australia, studied the efficacy of Lyprinol using laboratory animals with adjuvant-induced polyarthritis, which is the closest model for rheumatoid arthritis in humans.3When administered as an oral supplement, Lyprinol reduced arthritis-related swelling in the animal’s paws by more than 90 percent. It was also effective when rubbed directly into the affected area. Comparisons of Lyprinol to other natural lipids, or fatty acids, known to be helpful in treating arthritis and inflammation, tested Lyprinol against flax oil, evening primrose oil, Norwegian salmon oil, and MaxEPA (a high potency fish oil product). Of these, Lyprinol was the most effective in preventing arthritis-related swelling, reducing swelling by 79 percent. MaxEPA was the next best at 50 percent.
However, the real story is the 11 dosages used to achieve these results. Achieving a 50 percent effectiveness rate required a dosage of 2000 mg/kg body weight of MaxEPA. But the effective dosage of Lyprinol was only 20 mg/kg—or 1/100 the amount. Extrapolations from these results suggest that the anti-inflammatory compounds in Lyprinol are 200 times more potent than MaxEPA (and 350 times more potent than evening primrose oil).
Outperforms arthritis drugs without harmful side effects Researchers also compared the effectiveness of Lyprinol to that of the prescription arthritis drug indomethacin, the mainstream drug of choice at the time of the study. A dosage of 5 mg/kg of Lyprinol was 97 percent effective in reducing swelling, while indomethacin was only 83 percent effective at the same dosage.
Unlike indomethacin, Lyprinol is non-toxic and essentially free of side effects. In a 2000 study, researchers found that when compared to NSAIDs, three Lyprinol was “non-gastro toxic.”4 Recommendations for use Lyprinol is recommended for the alleviation of inflammatory conditions, including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and virally-induced arthritis. While Lyprinol appears to be the most powerful anti-inflammatory and arthritis pain reliever yet discovered, it still won’t rebuild or restore previously damaged cartilage. For the most complete healing of arthritis, we recommend you combine Lyprinol with a natural joint building supplement containing glucosamine and chondroitin. Recommended amounts: The amount needed for optimal results can vary widely for each individual, but range between two and four capsules per day. A higher amount (up to six capsules per day) can be used for the first one to two weeks of use. It can take up to four weeks to evaluate the full benefit. In addition, the research suggests that rubbing Lyprinol onto swollen and tender joints can help relieve pain and swelling. To do this, simply open the capsule and squeeze the contents onto the affected area.
See the Product Source Directory in the back of this report to learn how you can order Lyprinol.
Sources:
1 Practioner 1980; 224: 955-60
2 Gazette Medicale 1986; 93(38): 111-16
3 Inflammopharmacology 1997;5 : 237-46
4 Allergie et Immunologie 2000; 32(7): 272-78